# Plan 004: Initialize Alembic Migrations

**Priority**: CRITICAL
**Effort**: 2-3 hours
**Status**: NOT STARTED
**Risk Level**: HIGH - Schema evolution blocked

---

## Problem Statement

The database schema is created via `Base.metadata.create_all()` with no migration history. Only one migration file exists (`004_create_stat_materialized_views.py`), and it's for materialized views only.

**Current State**:
- No version control of schema changes
- Cannot rollback to previous schema versions
- No documentation of schema evolution
- Production schema sync is risky

## Impact

- **Operations**: Cannot safely evolve schema
- **Rollback**: No way to revert schema changes
- **Audit**: No history of what changed when
- **Team**: Other developers can't sync schema

## Files to Modify/Create

| File | Action |
|------|--------|
| `backend/alembic/` | Initialize properly |
| `backend/alembic/env.py` | Configure for async SQLAlchemy |
| `backend/alembic/versions/001_initial_schema.py` | Create initial migration |
| `backend/app/database/session.py` | Remove `create_all()` call |

## Implementation Steps

### Step 1: Backup Current Schema (15 min)

```bash
# Export current schema
cd /mnt/NV2/Development/strat-gameplay-webapp/backend

# Dump schema from database
pg_dump --schema-only -d strat_gameplay > schema_backup.sql

# Also save current models
cp app/models/db_models.py db_models_backup.py
```

### Step 2: Configure Alembic for Async (30 min)

Update `backend/alembic/env.py`:

```python
import asyncio
from logging.config import fileConfig

from sqlalchemy import pool
from sqlalchemy.engine import Connection
from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import async_engine_from_config

from alembic import context

from app.models.db_models import Base
from app.config import settings

# Alembic Config object
config = context.config

# Set database URL from settings
config.set_main_option("sqlalchemy.url", settings.database_url.replace("+asyncpg", ""))

# Interpret the config file for Python logging
if config.config_file_name is not None:
    fileConfig(config.config_file_name)

# Model metadata for autogenerate
target_metadata = Base.metadata


def run_migrations_offline() -> None:
    """Run migrations in 'offline' mode."""
    url = config.get_main_option("sqlalchemy.url")
    context.configure(
        url=url,
        target_metadata=target_metadata,
        literal_binds=True,
        dialect_opts={"paramstyle": "named"},
    )

    with context.begin_transaction():
        context.run_migrations()


def do_run_migrations(connection: Connection) -> None:
    context.configure(connection=connection, target_metadata=target_metadata)

    with context.begin_transaction():
        context.run_migrations()


async def run_async_migrations() -> None:
    """Run migrations in 'online' mode with async engine."""
    connectable = async_engine_from_config(
        config.get_section(config.config_ini_section, {}),
        prefix="sqlalchemy.",
        poolclass=pool.NullPool,
    )

    async with connectable.connect() as connection:
        await connection.run_sync(do_run_migrations)

    await connectable.dispose()


def run_migrations_online() -> None:
    """Run migrations in 'online' mode."""
    asyncio.run(run_async_migrations())


if context.is_offline_mode():
    run_migrations_offline()
else:
    run_migrations_online()
```

### Step 3: Create Initial Migration (30 min)

```bash
# Generate initial migration from existing models
cd /mnt/NV2/Development/strat-gameplay-webapp/backend
alembic revision --autogenerate -m "Initial schema from models"
```

Review the generated migration and ensure it matches existing schema.

Create/update `backend/alembic/versions/001_initial_schema.py`:

```python
"""Initial schema from models

Revision ID: 001
Revises:
Create Date: 2025-01-27

"""
from typing import Sequence, Union

from alembic import op
import sqlalchemy as sa
from sqlalchemy.dialects import postgresql

# revision identifiers
revision: str = '001'
down_revision: Union[str, None] = None
branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None


def upgrade() -> None:
    # ### Game table ###
    op.create_table('games',
        sa.Column('id', postgresql.UUID(as_uuid=True), nullable=False),
        sa.Column('league_id', sa.String(10), nullable=False),
        sa.Column('home_team_id', sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
        sa.Column('away_team_id', sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
        sa.Column('home_user_id', sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
        sa.Column('away_user_id', sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
        sa.Column('current_inning', sa.Integer(), server_default='1'),
        sa.Column('current_half', sa.String(10), server_default='top'),
        sa.Column('home_score', sa.Integer(), server_default='0'),
        sa.Column('away_score', sa.Integer(), server_default='0'),
        sa.Column('status', sa.String(20), server_default='pending'),
        sa.Column('allow_spectators', sa.Boolean(), server_default='true'),
        sa.Column('created_at', sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.text('now()')),
        sa.Column('updated_at', sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.text('now()')),
        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('id')
    )
    op.create_index('idx_game_status', 'games', ['status'])
    op.create_index('idx_game_league', 'games', ['league_id'])

    # ### Lineup table ###
    op.create_table('lineups',
        sa.Column('id', sa.Integer(), autoincrement=True, nullable=False),
        sa.Column('game_id', postgresql.UUID(as_uuid=True), nullable=False),
        sa.Column('team_id', sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
        sa.Column('card_id', sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
        sa.Column('player_id', sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
        sa.Column('position', sa.String(5), nullable=False),
        sa.Column('batting_order', sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
        sa.Column('is_active', sa.Boolean(), server_default='true'),
        sa.Column('entered_game_at', sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
        sa.Column('exited_game_at', sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(['game_id'], ['games.id'], ondelete='CASCADE'),
        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('id')
    )
    op.create_index('idx_lineup_game', 'lineups', ['game_id'])
    op.create_index('idx_lineup_game_team', 'lineups', ['game_id', 'team_id'])

    # ### Play table ###
    op.create_table('plays',
        sa.Column('id', sa.Integer(), autoincrement=True, nullable=False),
        sa.Column('game_id', postgresql.UUID(as_uuid=True), nullable=False),
        sa.Column('play_number', sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
        sa.Column('inning', sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
        sa.Column('half', sa.String(10), nullable=False),
        sa.Column('outs_before', sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
        sa.Column('outs_after', sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
        sa.Column('batter_id', sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
        sa.Column('pitcher_id', sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
        sa.Column('catcher_id', sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
        sa.Column('outcome', sa.String(50), nullable=False),
        sa.Column('description', sa.Text(), nullable=True),
        # ... additional columns ...
        sa.Column('created_at', sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.text('now()')),
        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(['game_id'], ['games.id'], ondelete='CASCADE'),
        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(['batter_id'], ['lineups.id']),
        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(['pitcher_id'], ['lineups.id']),
        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(['catcher_id'], ['lineups.id']),
        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('id')
    )
    op.create_index('idx_play_game', 'plays', ['game_id'])
    op.create_index('idx_play_game_number', 'plays', ['game_id', 'play_number'])

    # ### Additional tables (Roll, GameSession, RosterLink, etc.) ###
    # ... (similar patterns for remaining tables)


def downgrade() -> None:
    op.drop_table('plays')
    op.drop_table('lineups')
    op.drop_table('games')
    # ... drop remaining tables in reverse order
```

### Step 4: Stamp Existing Database (15 min)

For existing databases, mark as already at initial migration:

```bash
# Mark existing database as having initial schema
alembic stamp 001
```

### Step 5: Remove create_all() (10 min)

Update `backend/app/database/session.py`:

```python
async def init_db() -> None:
    """
    Initialize database connection.

    NOTE: Schema creation is now handled by Alembic migrations.
    Run `alembic upgrade head` to create/update schema.
    """
    # Removed: await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)
    logger.info("Database connection initialized")
```

### Step 6: Update README (15 min)

Add to `backend/README.md`:

```markdown
## Database Migrations

This project uses Alembic for database migrations.

### Initial Setup

```bash
# Apply all migrations
alembic upgrade head
```

### Creating New Migrations

```bash
# Auto-generate from model changes
alembic revision --autogenerate -m "Description of changes"

# Review the generated migration!
# Then apply:
alembic upgrade head
```

### Rolling Back

```bash
# Rollback one migration
alembic downgrade -1

# Rollback to specific revision
alembic downgrade 001
```

### Viewing History

```bash
# Show migration history
alembic history

# Show current revision
alembic current
```
```

### Step 7: Integrate Existing Materialized Views Migration (15 min)

Ensure `004_create_stat_materialized_views.py` is properly linked:

```python
# Update revision to chain properly
revision: str = '004_stat_views'
down_revision: str = '001'  # Chain to initial
```

### Step 8: Write Migration Tests (30 min)

Create `backend/tests/integration/test_migrations.py`:

```python
import pytest
from alembic import command
from alembic.config import Config

class TestMigrations:
    """Tests for Alembic migrations."""

    @pytest.fixture
    def alembic_config(self):
        config = Config("alembic.ini")
        return config

    def test_upgrade_to_head(self, alembic_config):
        """Migrations can be applied cleanly."""
        command.upgrade(alembic_config, "head")

    def test_downgrade_to_base(self, alembic_config):
        """Migrations can be rolled back."""
        command.upgrade(alembic_config, "head")
        command.downgrade(alembic_config, "base")

    def test_upgrade_downgrade_upgrade(self, alembic_config):
        """Full round-trip migration works."""
        command.upgrade(alembic_config, "head")
        command.downgrade(alembic_config, "base")
        command.upgrade(alembic_config, "head")
```

## Verification Checklist

- [ ] `alembic upgrade head` creates all tables
- [ ] `alembic downgrade base` removes all tables
- [ ] Existing database can be stamped without issues
- [ ] New migrations can be auto-generated
- [ ] Migration tests pass
- [ ] README updated with migration instructions

## CI/CD Integration

Add to CI pipeline:

```yaml
# .github/workflows/test.yml
- name: Run migrations
  run: |
    cd backend
    alembic upgrade head
```

## Rollback Plan

If issues arise:
1. `alembic downgrade -1` to revert last migration
2. Restore from `schema_backup.sql` if needed
3. Re-enable `create_all()` temporarily

## Dependencies

- None (can be implemented independently)

## Notes

- Always review auto-generated migrations before applying
- Test migrations on staging before production
- Keep migrations small and focused
- Future: Add data migrations for complex changes